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Payload

Qdrant 的一项重要特性是能够与向量一起存储附加信息。在 Qdrant 术语中，此信息称为 payload。

Qdrant 允许您存储任何可以使用 JSON 表示的信息。

这是一个典型 Payload 的示例

{
    "name": "jacket",
    "colors": ["red", "blue"],
    "count": 10,
    "price": 11.99,
    "locations": [
        {
            "lon": 52.5200, 
            "lat": 13.4050
        }
    ],
    "reviews": [
        {
            "user": "alice",
            "score": 4
        },
        {
            "user": "bob",
            "score": 5
        }
    ]
}

Payload 类型

除了存储 Payload 外，Qdrant 还允许您基于特定类型的值进行搜索。此功能作为搜索期间的附加过滤器实现，使您能够在语义相似性之上加入自定义逻辑。

在过滤过程中，Qdrant 将检查与过滤条件类型匹配的值是否满足条件。如果存储的值类型不符合过滤条件，则认为不满足条件。

例如，如果您对字符串数据应用范围条件，您将获得一个空输出。

但是，数组（同类型的多个值）的处理方式略有不同。当我们对数组应用过滤器时，如果数组中至少有一个值满足条件，则过滤成功。

过滤过程在过滤章节中详细讨论。

让我们看看 Qdrant 支持用于搜索的数据类型

整数

integer - 64 位整数，范围从 -9223372036854775808 到 9223372036854775807。

单个和多个 integer 值的示例

{
    "count": 10,
    "sizes": [35, 36, 38]
}

浮点数

float - 64 位浮点数。

单个和多个 float 值的示例

{
    "price": 11.99,
    "ratings": [9.1, 9.2, 9.4]
}

布尔值

Bool - 二进制值。等于 true 或 false。

单个和多个 bool 值的示例

{
    "is_delivered": true,
    "responses": [false, false, true, false]
}

关键字

keyword - 字符串值。

单个和多个 keyword 值的示例

{
    "name": "Alice",
    "friends": [
        "bob",
        "eva",
        "jack"
    ]
}

地理位置

geo 用于表示地理坐标。

单个和多个 geo 值的示例

{
    "location": {
        "lon": 52.5200,
        "lat": 13.4050
    },
    "cities": [
        {
            "lon": 51.5072,
            "lat": 0.1276
        },
        {
            "lon": 40.7128,
            "lat": 74.0060
        }
    ]
}

坐标应描述为一个包含两个字段的对象：lon 用于经度，lat 用于纬度。

日期时间

从 v1.8.0 版本开始可用

datetime - RFC 3339 格式的日期和时间。

请看以下单个和多个 datetime 值的示例

{
    "created_at": "2023-02-08T10:49:00Z",
    "updated_at": [
        "2023-02-08T13:52:00Z",
        "2023-02-21T21:23:00Z"
    ]
}

支持以下格式

  • "2023-02-08T10:49:00Z" (RFC 3339，UTC)
  • "2023-02-08T11:49:00+01:00" (RFC 3339，带时区)
  • "2023-02-08T10:49:00" (不带时区，假定为 UTC)
  • "2023-02-08T10:49" (不带时区和秒)
  • "2023-02-08" (仅日期，假定为午夜)

关于格式的注意事项

  • T 可以用空格代替。
  • T 和 Z 符号不区分大小写。
  • 未指定时区时，始终假定为 UTC。
  • 时区可以采用以下格式：±HH:MM、±HHMM、±HH 或 Z。
  • 秒最多可以有 6 位小数，因此 datetime 的最精细粒度为微秒。

UUID

从 v1.11.0 版本开始可用

除了基本的 keyword 类型外，Qdrant 还支持 uuid 类型来存储 UUID 值。功能上，它的工作方式与 keyword 相同，内部存储解析后的 UUID 值。

{
    "uuid": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
    "uuids": [
        "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
        "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001"
    ]
}

UUID 的字符串表示（例如 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000）占用 36 字节。但当使用数字表示时，只有 128 位（16 字节）。

建议在 Payload 较大的集合中使用 uuid 索引类型，以节省 RAM 并提高搜索性能。

创建带有 Payload 的点

REST API (模式)

PUT /collections/{collection_name}/points
{
    "points": [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "vector": [0.05, 0.61, 0.76, 0.74],
            "payload": {"city": "Berlin", "price": 1.99}
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "vector": [0.19, 0.81, 0.75, 0.11],
            "payload": {"city": ["Berlin", "London"], "price": 1.99}
        },
        {
            "id": 3,
            "vector": [0.36, 0.55, 0.47, 0.94],
            "payload": {"city": ["Berlin", "Moscow"], "price": [1.99, 2.99]}
        }
    ]
}

from qdrant_client import QdrantClient, models

client = QdrantClient(url="http://localhost:6333")

client.upsert(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    points=[
        models.PointStruct(
            id=1,
            vector=[0.05, 0.61, 0.76, 0.74],
            payload={
                "city": "Berlin",
                "price": 1.99,
            },
        ),
        models.PointStruct(
            id=2,
            vector=[0.19, 0.81, 0.75, 0.11],
            payload={
                "city": ["Berlin", "London"],
                "price": 1.99,
            },
        ),
        models.PointStruct(
            id=3,
            vector=[0.36, 0.55, 0.47, 0.94],
            payload={
                "city": ["Berlin", "Moscow"],
                "price": [1.99, 2.99],
            },
        ),
    ],
)

import { QdrantClient } from "@qdrant/js-client-rest";

const client = new QdrantClient({ host: "localhost", port: 6333 });

client.upsert("{collection_name}", {
  points: [
    {
      id: 1,
      vector: [0.05, 0.61, 0.76, 0.74],
      payload: {
        city: "Berlin",
        price: 1.99,
      },
    },
    {
      id: 2,
      vector: [0.19, 0.81, 0.75, 0.11],
      payload: {
        city: ["Berlin", "London"],
        price: 1.99,
      },
    },
    {
      id: 3,
      vector: [0.36, 0.55, 0.47, 0.94],
      payload: {
        city: ["Berlin", "Moscow"],
        price: [1.99, 2.99],
      },
    },
  ],
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{PointStruct, UpsertPointsBuilder};
use qdrant_client::{Payload, Qdrant, QdrantError};
use serde_json::json;

let client = Qdrant::from_url("http://localhost:6334").build()?;

let points = vec![
    PointStruct::new(
        1,
        vec![0.05, 0.61, 0.76, 0.74],
        Payload::try_from(json!({"city": "Berlin", "price": 1.99})).unwrap(),
    ),
    PointStruct::new(
        2,
        vec![0.19, 0.81, 0.75, 0.11],
        Payload::try_from(json!({"city": ["Berlin", "London"]})).unwrap(),
    ),
    PointStruct::new(
        3,
        vec![0.36, 0.55, 0.47, 0.94],
        Payload::try_from(json!({"city": ["Berlin", "Moscow"], "price": [1.99, 2.99]}))
            .unwrap(),
    ),
];

client
    .upsert_points(UpsertPointsBuilder::new("{collection_name}", points).wait(true))
    .await?;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static io.qdrant.client.PointIdFactory.id;
import static io.qdrant.client.ValueFactory.value;
import static io.qdrant.client.VectorsFactory.vectors;

import io.qdrant.client.QdrantClient;
import io.qdrant.client.QdrantGrpcClient;
import io.qdrant.client.grpc.Points.PointStruct;

QdrantClient client =
    new QdrantClient(QdrantGrpcClient.newBuilder("localhost", 6334, false).build());

client
    .upsertAsync(
        "{collection_name}",
        List.of(
            PointStruct.newBuilder()
                .setId(id(1))
                .setVectors(vectors(0.05f, 0.61f, 0.76f, 0.74f))
                .putAllPayload(Map.of("city", value("Berlin"), "price", value(1.99)))
                .build(),
            PointStruct.newBuilder()
                .setId(id(2))
                .setVectors(vectors(0.19f, 0.81f, 0.75f, 0.11f))
                .putAllPayload(
                    Map.of("city", list(List.of(value("Berlin"), value("London")))))
                .build(),
            PointStruct.newBuilder()
                .setId(id(3))
                .setVectors(vectors(0.36f, 0.55f, 0.47f, 0.94f))
                .putAllPayload(
                    Map.of(
                        "city",
                        list(List.of(value("Berlin"), value("London"))),
                        "price",
                        list(List.of(value(1.99), value(2.99)))))
                .build()))
    .get();

using Qdrant.Client;
using Qdrant.Client.Grpc;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.UpsertAsync(
    collectionName: "{collection_name}",
    points: new List<PointStruct>
    {
        new PointStruct
        {
            Id = 1,
            Vectors = new[] { 0.05f, 0.61f, 0.76f, 0.74f },
            Payload = { ["city"] = "Berlin", ["price"] = 1.99 }
        },
        new PointStruct
        {
            Id = 2,
            Vectors = new[] { 0.19f, 0.81f, 0.75f, 0.11f },
            Payload = { ["city"] = new[] { "Berlin", "London" } }
        },
        new PointStruct
        {
            Id = 3,
            Vectors = new[] { 0.36f, 0.55f, 0.47f, 0.94f },
            Payload =
            {
                ["city"] = new[] { "Berlin", "Moscow" },
                ["price"] = new Value
                {
                    ListValue = new ListValue { Values = { new Value[] { 1.99, 2.99 } } }
                }
            }
        }
    }
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.Upsert(context.Background(), &qdrant.UpsertPoints{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Points: []*qdrant.PointStruct{
        {
            Id:      qdrant.NewIDNum(1),
            Vectors: qdrant.NewVectors(0.05, 0.61, 0.76, 0.74),
            Payload: qdrant.NewValueMap(map[string]any{
                "city": "Berlin", "price": 1.99}),
        },
        {
            Id:      qdrant.NewIDNum(2),
            Vectors: qdrant.NewVectors(0.19, 0.81, 0.75, 0.11),
            Payload: qdrant.NewValueMap(map[string]any{
                "city": []any{"Berlin", "London"}}),
        },
        {
            Id:      qdrant.NewIDNum(3),
            Vectors: qdrant.NewVectors(0.36, 0.55, 0.47, 0.94),
            Payload: qdrant.NewValueMap(map[string]any{
                "city":  []any{"Berlin", "London"},
                "price": []any{1.99, 2.99}}),
        },
    },
})

更新 Payload

Qdrant 中的 Payload 更新提供了灵活的方法来管理向量元数据。设置 Payload 方法更新特定字段，同时保留其他字段不变，而覆盖方法则替换整个 Payload。开发人员还可以使用清除 Payload 删除所有元数据，或使用删除字段来删除特定键而不影响其余部分。这些选项提供了精确的控制，以适应动态数据集。

设置 Payload

仅设置点上给定的 Payload 值。

REST API (模式)

POST /collections/{collection_name}/points/payload
{
    "payload": {
        "property1": "string",
        "property2": "string"
    },
    "points": [
        0, 3, 100
    ]
}

client.set_payload(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    payload={
        "property1": "string",
        "property2": "string",
    },
    points=[0, 3, 10],
)

client.setPayload("{collection_name}", {
  payload: {
    property1: "string",
    property2: "string",
  },
  points: [0, 3, 10],
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{
    PointsIdsList, SetPayloadPointsBuilder,
};
use qdrant_client::Payload,;
use serde_json::json;

client
    .set_payload(
        SetPayloadPointsBuilder::new(
            "{collection_name}",
            Payload::try_from(json!({
                "property1": "string",
                "property2": "string",
            }))
            .unwrap(),
        )
        .points_selector(PointsIdsList {
            ids: vec![0.into(), 3.into(), 10.into()],
        })
        .wait(true),
    )
    .await?;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static io.qdrant.client.PointIdFactory.id;
import static io.qdrant.client.ValueFactory.value;

client
    .setPayloadAsync(
        "{collection_name}",
        Map.of("property1", value("string"), "property2", value("string")),
        List.of(id(0), id(3), id(10)),
        true,
        null,
        null)
    .get();

using Qdrant.Client;
using Qdrant.Client.Grpc;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.SetPayloadAsync(
    collectionName: "{collection_name}",
    payload: new Dictionary<string, Value> { { "property1", "string" }, { "property2", "string" } },
    ids: new ulong[] { 0, 3, 10 }
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.SetPayload(context.Background(), &qdrant.SetPayloadPoints{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Payload: qdrant.NewValueMap(
        map[string]any{"property1": "string", "property2": "string"}),
    PointsSelector: qdrant.NewPointsSelector(
        qdrant.NewIDNum(0),
        qdrant.NewIDNum(3)),
})

您无需知道要修改的点的 ID。另一种方法是使用过滤器。

POST /collections/{collection_name}/points/payload
{
    "payload": {
        "property1": "string",
        "property2": "string"
    },
    "filter": {
        "must": [
            {
                "key": "color",
                "match": {
                    "value": "red"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

client.set_payload(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    payload={
        "property1": "string",
        "property2": "string",
    },
    points=models.Filter(
        must=[
            models.FieldCondition(
                key="color",
                match=models.MatchValue(value="red"),
            ),
        ],
    ),
)

client.setPayload("{collection_name}", {
  payload: {
    property1: "string",
    property2: "string",
  },
  filter: {
    must: [
      {
        key: "color",
        match: {
          value: "red",
        },
      },
    ],
  },
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{Condition, Filter, SetPayloadPointsBuilder};
use qdrant_client::Payload;
use serde_json::json;

client
    .set_payload(
        SetPayloadPointsBuilder::new(
            "{collection_name}",
            Payload::try_from(json!({
                "property1": "string",
                "property2": "string",
            }))
            .unwrap(),
        )
        .points_selector(Filter::must([Condition::matches(
            "color",
            "red".to_string(),
        )]))
        .wait(true),
    )
    .await?;

import java.util.Map;

import static io.qdrant.client.ConditionFactory.matchKeyword;
import static io.qdrant.client.ValueFactory.value;

client
    .setPayloadAsync(
        "{collection_name}",
        Map.of("property1", value("string"), "property2", value("string")),
        Filter.newBuilder().addMust(matchKeyword("color", "red")).build(),
        true,
        null,
        null)
    .get();

using Qdrant.Client;
using Qdrant.Client.Grpc;
using static Qdrant.Client.Grpc.Conditions;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.SetPayloadAsync(
    collectionName: "{collection_name}",
    payload: new Dictionary<string, Value> { { "property1", "string" }, { "property2", "string" } },
    filter: MatchKeyword("color", "red")
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.SetPayload(context.Background(), &qdrant.SetPayloadPoints{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Payload: qdrant.NewValueMap(
        map[string]any{"property1": "string", "property2": "string"}),
    PointsSelector: qdrant.NewPointsSelectorFilter(&qdrant.Filter{
        Must: []*qdrant.Condition{
            qdrant.NewMatch("color", "red"),
        },
    }),
})

从 v1.8.0 版本开始可用

通过使用 key 参数，可以只修改 Payload 的特定键。

例如，给定点上的以下 Payload JSON 对象

{
    "property1": {
        "nested_property": "foo",
    },
    "property2": {
        "nested_property": "bar",
    }
}

您可以使用以下请求修改 property1 的 nested_property

POST /collections/{collection_name}/points/payload
{
    "payload": {
        "nested_property": "qux",
    },
    "key": "property1",
    "points": [1]
}

结果 Payload 如下

{
    "property1": {
        "nested_property": "qux",
    },
    "property2": {
        "nested_property": "bar",
    }
}

覆盖 Payload

用给定的 Payload 完全替换任何现有 Payload。

REST API (模式)

PUT /collections/{collection_name}/points/payload
{
    "payload": {
        "property1": "string",
        "property2": "string"
    },
    "points": [
        0, 3, 100
    ]
}

client.overwrite_payload(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    payload={
        "property1": "string",
        "property2": "string",
    },
    points=[0, 3, 10],
)

client.overwritePayload("{collection_name}", {
  payload: {
    property1: "string",
    property2: "string",
  },
  points: [0, 3, 10],
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{PointsIdsList, SetPayloadPointsBuilder};
use qdrant_client::Payload;
use serde_json::json;

client
    .overwrite_payload(
        SetPayloadPointsBuilder::new(
            "{collection_name}",
            Payload::try_from(json!({
                "property1": "string",
                "property2": "string",
            }))
            .unwrap(),
        )
        .points_selector(PointsIdsList {
            ids: vec![0.into(), 3.into(), 10.into()],
        })
        .wait(true),
    )
    .await?;

import java.util.List;

import static io.qdrant.client.PointIdFactory.id;
import static io.qdrant.client.ValueFactory.value;

client
    .overwritePayloadAsync(
        "{collection_name}",
        Map.of("property1", value("string"), "property2", value("string")),
        List.of(id(0), id(3), id(10)),
        true,
        null,
        null)
    .get();

using Qdrant.Client;
using Qdrant.Client.Grpc;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.OverwritePayloadAsync(
    collectionName: "{collection_name}",
    payload: new Dictionary<string, Value> { { "property1", "string" }, { "property2", "string" } },
    ids: new ulong[] { 0, 3, 10 }
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.OverwritePayload(context.Background(), &qdrant.SetPayloadPoints{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Payload: qdrant.NewValueMap(
        map[string]any{"property1": "string", "property2": "string"}),
    PointsSelector: qdrant.NewPointsSelector(
        qdrant.NewIDNum(0),
        qdrant.NewIDNum(3)),
})

与设置 Payload 类似，您无需知道要修改的点的 ID。另一种方法是使用过滤器。

清除 Payload

此方法从指定点移除所有 Payload 键

REST API (模式)

POST /collections/{collection_name}/points/payload/clear
{
    "points": [0, 3, 100]
}

client.clear_payload(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    points_selector=[0, 3, 100],
)

client.clearPayload("{collection_name}", {
  points: [0, 3, 100],
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{ClearPayloadPointsBuilder, PointsIdsList};

client
    .clear_payload(
        ClearPayloadPointsBuilder::new("{collection_name}")
            .points(PointsIdsList {
                ids: vec![0.into(), 3.into(), 10.into()],
            })
            .wait(true),
    )
    .await?;

import java.util.List;

import static io.qdrant.client.PointIdFactory.id;

client
    .clearPayloadAsync("{collection_name}", List.of(id(0), id(3), id(100)), true, null, null)
    .get();

using Qdrant.Client;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.ClearPayloadAsync(collectionName: "{collection_name}", ids: new ulong[] { 0, 3, 100 });

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.ClearPayload(context.Background(), &qdrant.ClearPayloadPoints{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Points: qdrant.NewPointsSelector(
        qdrant.NewIDNum(0),
        qdrant.NewIDNum(3)),
})

删除 Payload 键

从点删除指定的 Payload 键。

REST API (模式)

POST /collections/{collection_name}/points/payload/delete
{
    "keys": ["color", "price"],
    "points": [0, 3, 100]
}

client.delete_payload(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    keys=["color", "price"],
    points=[0, 3, 100],
)

client.deletePayload("{collection_name}", {
  keys: ["color", "price"],
  points: [0, 3, 100],
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{DeletePayloadPointsBuilder, PointsIdsList};

client
    .delete_payload(
        DeletePayloadPointsBuilder::new(
            "{collection_name}",
            vec!["color".to_string(), "price".to_string()],
        )
        .points_selector(PointsIdsList {
            ids: vec![0.into(), 3.into(), 10.into()],
        })
        .wait(true),
    )
    .await?;

import java.util.List;

import static io.qdrant.client.PointIdFactory.id;

client
    .deletePayloadAsync(
        "{collection_name}",
        List.of("color", "price"),
        List.of(id(0), id(3), id(100)),
        true,
        null,
        null)
    .get();

using Qdrant.Client;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.DeletePayloadAsync(
    collectionName: "{collection_name}",
    keys: ["color", "price"],
    ids: new ulong[] { 0, 3, 100 }
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.DeletePayload(context.Background(), &qdrant.DeletePayloadPoints{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Keys:           []string{"color", "price"},
    PointsSelector: qdrant.NewPointsSelector(
        qdrant.NewIDNum(0),
        qdrant.NewIDNum(3)),
})

或者，您可以使用过滤器从点删除 Payload 键。

POST /collections/{collection_name}/points/payload/delete
{
    "keys": ["color", "price"],
    "filter": {
        "must": [
            {
                "key": "color",
                "match": {
                    "value": "red"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

client.delete_payload(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    keys=["color", "price"],
    points=models.Filter(
        must=[
            models.FieldCondition(
                key="color",
                match=models.MatchValue(value="red"),
            ),
        ],
    ),
)

client.deletePayload("{collection_name}", {
  keys: ["color", "price"],
  filter: {
    must: [
      {
        key: "color",
        match: {
          value: "red",
        },
      },
    ],
  },
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{Condition, DeletePayloadPointsBuilder, Filter};

client
    .delete_payload(
        DeletePayloadPointsBuilder::new(
            "{collection_name}",
            vec!["color".to_string(), "price".to_string()],
        )
        .points_selector(Filter::must([Condition::matches(
            "color",
            "red".to_string(),
        )]))
        .wait(true),
    )
    .await?;

import java.util.List;

import static io.qdrant.client.ConditionFactory.matchKeyword;

client
    .deletePayloadAsync(
        "{collection_name}",
        List.of("color", "price"),
        Filter.newBuilder().addMust(matchKeyword("color", "red")).build(),
        true,
        null,
        null)
    .get();

using Qdrant.Client;
using static Qdrant.Client.Grpc.Conditions;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.DeletePayloadAsync(
    collectionName: "{collection_name}",
    keys: ["color", "price"],
    filter: MatchKeyword("color", "red")
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.DeletePayload(context.Background(), &qdrant.DeletePayloadPoints{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Keys:           []string{"color", "price"},
    PointsSelector: qdrant.NewPointsSelectorFilter(
        &qdrant.Filter{
            Must: []*qdrant.Condition{qdrant.NewMatch("color", "red")},
        },
    ),
})

Payload 索引

为了更有效地使用过滤器进行搜索，Qdrant 允许您通过指定 Payload 字段的名称和预期类型来为其创建索引。

索引字段也会影响向量索引。有关详细信息，请参见索引。

在实践中，我们建议对那些可能最大限度地约束结果的字段创建索引。例如，对对象 ID 使用索引将比按颜色索引（颜色只有少数可能的值）效率高得多，因为对象 ID 对于每条记录都是唯一的。

在涉及多个字段的复合查询中，Qdrant 将首先尝试使用限制性最强的索引。

要为字段创建索引，您可以使用以下方法

REST API (模式)

PUT /collections/{collection_name}/index
{
    "field_name": "name_of_the_field_to_index",
    "field_schema": "keyword"
}

client.create_payload_index(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    field_name="name_of_the_field_to_index",
    field_schema="keyword",
)

client.createPayloadIndex("{collection_name}", {
  field_name: "name_of_the_field_to_index",
  field_schema: "keyword",
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{CreateFieldIndexCollectionBuilder, FieldType};

client
    .create_field_index(
        CreateFieldIndexCollectionBuilder::new(
            "{collection_name}",
            "name_of_the_field_to_index",
            FieldType::Keyword,
        )
        .wait(true),
    )
    .await?;

import io.qdrant.client.grpc.Collections.PayloadSchemaType;

client.createPayloadIndexAsync(
    "{collection_name}",
    "name_of_the_field_to_index",
    PayloadSchemaType.Keyword,
    null,
    true,
    null,
    null);

using Qdrant.Client;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.CreatePayloadIndexAsync(
    collectionName: "{collection_name}",
    fieldName: "name_of_the_field_to_index"
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

client.CreateFieldIndex(context.Background(), &qdrant.CreateFieldIndexCollection{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    FieldName:      "name_of_the_field_to_index",
    FieldType:      qdrant.FieldType_FieldTypeKeyword.Enum(),
})

索引使用标志在 Payload 模式中通过集合信息 API 显示。

Payload 模式示例

{
    "payload_schema": {
        "property1": {
            "data_type": "keyword"
        },
        "property2": {
            "data_type": "integer"
        }
    }
}

分面计数

从 v1.12.0 版本开始可用

分面是一种特殊的计数技术，可用于多种目的

  • 了解 Payload 键存在哪些唯一值。
  • 了解包含每个唯一值的点数。
  • 了解通过匹配特定值，过滤器会变得多么严格。

具体来说，它是对字段中值的计数聚合，类似于 SQL 中的 GROUP BY 和 COUNT(*) 命令。

特定字段的这些结果称为“分面”。例如，当您查看电商搜索结果页面时，您可能会在侧边栏看到一个品牌列表，显示每个品牌的商品数量。这将是 "brand" 字段的分面。

要获取字段的分面计数，您可以使用以下方法

REST API (分面)

POST /collections/{collection_name}/facet
{
    "key": "size",
    "filter": {
      "must": {
        "key": "color",
        "match": { "value": "red" }
      }
    }
}

from qdrant_client import QdrantClient, models

client = QdrantClient(url="http://localhost:6333")

client.facet(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    key="size",
    facet_filter=models.Filter(must=[models.Match("color", "red")]),
)

import { QdrantClient } from "@qdrant/js-client-rest";

const client = new QdrantClient({ host: "localhost", port: 6333 });

client.facet("{collection_name}", {
    filter: {
        must: [
            {
                key: "color",
                match: {
                    value: "red",
                },
            },
        ],
    },
    key: "size",
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::{Condition, FacetCountsBuilder, Filter};
use qdrant_client::Qdrant;

let client = Qdrant::from_url("http://localhost:6334").build()?;

client
    .facet(
         FacetCountsBuilder::new("{collection_name}", "size")
             .limit(10)
             .filter(Filter::must(vec![Condition::matches(
                 "color",
                 "red".to_string(),
             )])),
     )
     .await?;

import io.qdrant.client.QdrantClient;
import io.qdrant.client.QdrantGrpcClient;

import static io.qdrant.client.ConditionFactory.matchKeyword;
import io.qdrant.client.grpc.Points;
import io.qdrant.client.grpc.Filter;

QdrantClient client = new QdrantClient(
                QdrantGrpcClient.newBuilder("localhost", 6334, false).build());

client
    .facetAsync(
        Points.FacetCounts.newBuilder()
            .setCollectionName(collection_name)
            .setKey("size")
            .setFilter(Filter.newBuilder().addMust(matchKeyword("color", "red")).build())
            .build())
        .get();

using Qdrant.Client;
using static Qdrant.Client.Grpc.Conditions;

var client = new QdrantClient("localhost", 6334);

await client.FacetAsync(
    "{collection_name}",
    key: "size",
    filter: MatchKeyword("color", "red")
);

import (
    "context"

    "github.com/qdrant/go-client/qdrant"
)

client, err := qdrant.NewClient(&qdrant.Config{
    Host: "localhost",
    Port: 6334,
})

res, err := client.Facet(ctx, &qdrant.FacetCounts{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Key:            "size",
        Filter: &qdrant.Filter{
        Must: []*qdrant.Condition{
            qdrant.NewMatch("color", "red"),
        },
    },
})

响应将包含字段中每个唯一值的计数

{
  "response": {
    "hits": [
      {"value": "L", "count": 19},
      {"value": "S", "count": 10},
      {"value": "M", "count": 5},
      {"value": "XL", "count": 1},
      {"value": "XXL", "count": 1}
    ]
  },
  "time": 0.0001
}

结果按计数降序排序，然后按值升序排序。仅返回非零计数值。

默认情况下，Qdrant 对每个值的计数是近似的，以实现快速结果。这对于大多数情况来说已经足够准确，但如果您需要调试存储，可以使用 exact 参数获取精确计数。

POST /collections/{collection_name}/facet
{
    "key": "size",
    "exact": true
}

client.facet(
    collection_name="{collection_name}",
    key="size",
    exact=True,
)

client.facet("{collection_name}", {
    key: "size",
    exact: true,
});

use qdrant_client::qdrant::FacetCountsBuilder;

client
    .facet(
         FacetCountsBuilder::new("{collection_name}", "size")
             .limit(10)
             .exact(true),
     )
     .await?;

 client
      .facetAsync(
          Points.FacetCounts.newBuilder()
              .setCollectionName(collection_name)
              .setKey("foo")
              .setExact(true)
              .build())
      .get();

using Qdrant.Client;

await client.FacetAsync(
    "{collection_name}",
    key: "size",
    exact: true,
);

res, err := client.Facet(ctx, &qdrant.FacetCounts{
    CollectionName: "{collection_name}",
    Key:            "key",
    Exact:          true,
})
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